歐洲小國比利時，如何邁向零核時代？ Nuclear Decommissioning in Belgium

圖說: 在Doel核電廠的採訪 The interview in Doel nuclear power plant

攝影: Ivy Tzai 

訪問情況，截至目前為止，已訪問到約十個受訪單位，包括環保團體、政黨、核電廠、核廢料處理公司、再生能源公司、台灣駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處、比利時居民等等。採訪過程算順利，唯在邀訪比利時的政府單位時，時逢比利時的五月大選，而尚未談妥訪問時間，六月將繼續試著邀訪。

目前的報導進度：

2014/02~2014/03 前置調查、資料蒐集和聯絡受訪對象
-參與3/9反核遊行 (位於Brussels)
-採訪 環保團體 (位於Brussels)

2014/04~2014/05 開始進行採訪、以及相關單位的參訪

[訪問]
再生能源公司 (位於Antwerpen和Eeklo)
荷語區綠黨(位於Gent)
台灣駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處(位於Brussels)
核廢料處理公司(位於Mol)
比利時居民
法語區及荷語區 市政府(聯絡中)

[參訪]
-核電廠以及附近的小鎮 (位於Doel)
-生態村(位於Louvain La Neuve)

2014/06 進行後製中

報導預計呈現內容

報導完成形式：本提案以文字為主，總字數為一萬字，預計分成三至四篇報導。 並輔以相關照片約20張和圖表。

報導將分成兩大部分：
第一部分包含面向為：
比利時的核電使用情況概述、從擁核到零核的過程概述(政治因素、公民運動、社會趨勢等)、如何進行老舊核電廠除役。
第二部分包含面向為：
比利時替代能源方案、再生能源發展概述、個人及社區省電的案例。

[採訪側記]　獨立記者在比利時的採訪心得

這是我第一次做國外的專題採訪，而且是以獨立記者身分，以公眾募款的方式進行，除了是對自己能力的考驗之外，也像一場對目前台灣閱聽眾的實驗，試試這樣方式的媒體，是否能為當代台灣社會所接受。

雖然目前仍在採訪製作期，不過有些心得可以和大家分享：首先是，我覺得獨立記者在做國外專題時，會面臨到幾點挑戰，第一點就是身分證明，因為獨立記者不像一般記者可以用報社或電視台的名義進行邀訪，所以在邀訪時表明自己的來歷，以及做這篇報導的目的是什麼，就顯得相當重要了。

為了增加說服力，我在提案時，附上英文版本，讓提案本身成為我的名片，也讓受訪者有機會認識我的提案，以及Wereport的群眾募資平台；另一方面，也透過台灣駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處的協助，成功邀訪到一些受訪單位。

我發覺在比利時，freelancer（自由工作者）的概念似乎比較容易被理解，每當我以freelancer journalist（自由業記者）或是 independent journalist（獨立記者） 的身分，向受訪單位邀訪時，幾乎很少被質疑身分（即便是政府單位），有時我只是拿著我準備好的資料，直接登門拜訪，便順利取得採訪機會。不同於過往在台灣的採訪經驗，如果你以公民記者或獨立記者的名義邀訪時，總是需要花費更多的心力解釋自己的身分。

不過，這並不代表在比利時約訪比較容易，因為也要面臨到不同的語言和社會文化的挑戰。
比利時的官方語言有三種，分別是荷語、法語和德語，換言之，英語並非比利時人的母語，因此當筆者需要以英文進行訪談時，就必須找到會說英文的受訪者，或是尋求翻譯協助。

除此之外，在比利時做事，實在急不得，因為他們很重視appointment，因此你想要約訪談，必須要前一、兩個月便開始，寫信、打電話或是登門拜訪，讓他們不斷地注意到你的需求，直到把你放進他們的行事曆中。而且，比利時的國定假日很多，偶爾又遇上受訪者的排休或是選舉等等，這些都是在採訪時，需要納入的考量。

在這次的採訪過程中，又讓我重新思考獨立記者這個身分，雖然力量似乎比較小，因為沒有報社或電視台做依靠，但卻也因此有很多的彈性。而我也藉由採訪的過程，去了許多想像不到的地方，有機會和各個領域的人談天，結識志同道合的朋友（朋友們真的幫了我很多忙），不斷地探索未知，就像一場大冒險！

[English] 

Summary
Until now, I have already finished around 10 interviews, which includes an environmental NGO, a political party, a nuclear power plant, a nuclear waste company, a renewable energy company, Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium, and residents in Belgium. There is no problem during the process of the interviews. However, there was an election in Belgium in May, so the government was too busy to have an interview with me. I will keep contacting the government for interview in June.

Schedule
02/2014~03/2014 research and investigation before interviews
Joined the anti-nuclear movement in March (in Brussels)
Interview with the environmental NGO (in Brussels)
04/2014~05/2014 start doing all the interviews and visits
[Interviews]
The renewable energy company (in Antwerpen and Eeklo)
The Green Party of the Dutch-speaking region (in Gent)
Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium (in Brussels)
The nuclear waste company (in Mol)
The residents in Belgium
The city governments of the French-speaking and the Dutch-speaking regions
[Visits]
The nuclear power plant (in Doel)
La Braque (in Louvain La Neuve)
06/2014~ keep writing reports and managing all the information from the interviews

Intended Form of the Report
This project intends to produce three or four serial reports, with 10000 words in total,
supplemented with 20 photos and some charts.
There will be two main categories in the reports.  The first category includes:
-The introduction about nuclear energy in Belgium
-How does Belgium shift from supporting nuclear energy to phasing out nuclear energy?
-How will Belgium phase out two aged nuclear reactors?

The second category includes:
-The policies about alternative energy
-The introduction about renewable energy
-The stories of individuals or communities saving energy

[Reflection]

It is my first time to run a report project as an independent journalist in a foreign country through a crowd-funding website. For me, it is a challenge and also like an experiment on the audience in Taiwan. I want to know if this kind of medium can be accepted by the modern Taiwanese society.

Although I haven’t completed the whole reports, I still have some reflection to share with everyone. When an independent journalist  starts to run a report project in a foreign country, there will be some challenges they must pay attention to. The first is the identity. Independent journalists don’t belong to any newspaper or TV company, so when they try to ask for a chance to interview, they have to explain their identity and the goal of the report very clearly.

That’s why I proposed my project with English version. Because of that, the interviewees can realize my project and weReport website easily. Besides, due to the favour of Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium, I have some interviews successfully.

And I find the idea of freelancer is more accepted in Belgium. When I request to interview as a freelancer journalist or independent journalist, I am seldom refused due to my identity. Sometimes, I just prepare all my materials, and just go to the office and ask for the chance to interview, and then I get it. The situation is different in Taiwan. In Taiwan, if I ask for a chance to interview as an independent journalist, I need to spend more time explaining my identity to the interviewees.

However, it is still not easy to run a report project in Belgium. It is because there are challenges from the diverse language and culture.

In Belgium, there are three official languages: Dutch, French, and German. In other words, English is not mother tongue for Belgium people. As a result, when I want to have an interview in English, I have to find some interviewees who also speak English. Otherwise, I have to go with an interpreter.

Besides, in Belgium, making appointment is important in their culture. Therefore,  I always send my request one or two months ago to my interviewees. Sometimes besides sending emails, I call or go to their office. I have to keep contacting my interviewees till they make an appointment with me. And because there are many vacations in Belgium, sometimes the interviewees don’t have time, sometimes election, and so on…. To sum up, before starting interviews, I need to prepare well.

I start reconsidering about the identity of independent journalist due to this project. I feel it is more flexible than normal journalists who belong to newspapers or TV office. And I also went  to many places that I never thought I would visit, talked with people who are from different jobs, met nice friends, and keep exploring new world because of this report project. For me, the whole process seems like a big adventure!

翻譯校對 Heidi Tai